[294] Since the 1960s, Canada's aerospace industry has designed and built numerous marques of satellite, including Radarsat-1 and 2, ISIS and MOST. One of North Americas largest urban green spaces, Stanley Park is revered for its dramatic forest-and-mountain oceanfront views. [26], The Indigenous population at the time of the first European settlements is estimated to have been between 200,000[27] and two million,[28] with a figure of 500,000 accepted by Canada's Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. [10], From the 16th to the early 18th century, "Canada" referred to the part of New France that lay along the Saint Lawrence River. Citizens have the right, where there is sufficient demand, to receive federal government services in either English or French and official-language minorities are guaranteed their own schools in all provinces and territories. Given its abundant natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital stock, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. Indigenous peoples are not considered a visible minority in Statistics Canada calculations. [147] Since the end of the last glacial period, Canada has consisted of eight distinct forest regions,[148] with 42 percent of its land area covered by forests (approximately 8 percent of the world's forested land). Many moved to Canada, particularly Atlantic Canada, where their arrival changed the demographic distribution of the existing territories. TORONTO - Canadas mens basketball team will play exhibition games against Spain and Argentina this summer in preparation for the 2023 FIBA World Cup. Using its spending powers, the federal government can initiate national policies in provincial areas such as health and child care; the provinces can opt out of these cost-share programs but rarely do so in practice. [404][405], Canada's approach to governance emphasizing multiculturalism, which is based on selective immigration, social integration, and suppression of far-right politics, has wide public support. [424], Canadian literature is often divided into French- and English-language literatures, which are rooted in the literary traditions of France and Britain, respectively. The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court and final arbiter and has been led since December 18, 2017, by Richard Wagner, the chief justice of Canada. WebFind out what document you need to travel, visit family and friends, do business, or transit through Canada, and how to extend your stay. [359] In 1961, about 300,000 people, less than two percent of Canada's population, were members of visible minority groups. January 16, 2023, 3:32 p.m. EST. [373], Additionally, Canada is home to many sign languages, some of which are Indigenous. [192], Each of the 338 members of Parliament in the House of Commons is elected by simple plurality in an electoral district or riding. [469] Canada's official national sports are ice hockey and lacrosse. [266] In the 1970s, concerns over energy self-sufficiency and foreign ownership in the manufacturing sectors prompted Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's Liberal government to enact the National Energy Program (NEP) and the Foreign Investment Review Agency (FIRA). Other popular professional competitions include the Canadian Football League, National Lacrosse League, the Canadian Premier League, and the various curling tournaments sanctioned and organized by Curling Canada. Zellers canada locations 2023. [202] The Statute of Westminster, 1931 granted full autonomy, and the Constitution Act, 1982 ended all legislative ties to Britain, as well as adding a constitutional amending formula and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Attempts to accommodate Quebec nationalism constitutionally through the Meech Lake Accord failed in 1990. Provincial and territorial case numbers. [256] Canada's economy ranks above the U.S. and most western European nations on The Heritage Foundation's Index of Economic Freedom[257] and experiences a relatively low level of income disparity. [85] Out of approximately 625,000 Canadians who served in World War I, some 60,000 were killed and another 172,000 were wounded. [367] New Brunswick, the only officially bilingual province, has a French-speaking Acadian minority constituting 33 percent of the population. Canada holds the third largest oil reserves after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, and is the only non-OPEC member in the top five. [223] Canada joined the Organization of American States (OAS) in 1990 and hosted the OAS General Assembly in 2000 and the 3rd Summit of the Americas in 2001. thng tin) cn gi l Gia N i) l quc gia c din tch ln th hai trn th gii, v nm cc bc ca Bc M. [292] Canada was the third country to design and construct a satellite after the Soviet Union and the United States, with the 1962 Alouette 1 launch. [378], The "Fundamental Freedoms" section of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms states:[379]. [430], Numerous Canadian authors have accumulated international literary awards,[431] including novelist, poet, and literary critic Margaret Atwood, who received two Booker Prizes;[432] Nobel laureate Alice Munro, who has been called the best living writer of short stories in English;[433] and Booker Prize recipient Michael Ondaatje, who wrote the novel The English Patient, which was adapted as a film of the same name that won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Its southern and western border with the United States, stretching 8,891 kilometres (5,525mi), is the world's longest binational land border. [219][220] The strategy of the Canadian government's foreign aid policy reflects an emphasis to meet the Millennium Development Goals, while also providing assistance in response to foreign humanitarian crises. [144] About 65 percent of Canada's resident species are considered "Secure". [87] The Military Service Act brought in compulsory military service, though it, coupled with disputes over French language schools outside Quebec, deeply alienated Francophone Canadians and temporarily split the Liberal Party. COVID-19 vaccines have helped protect us. [215], Canada is recognized as a middle power for its role in international affairs with a tendency to pursue multilateral solutions. [80] The Indigenous peoples saw widespread famine and disease due to the loss of the bison and their traditional hunting lands. [87] In 1919, Canada joined the League of Nations independently of Britain,[85] and the Statute of Westminster, 1931 affirmed Canada's independence. [444] In an effort to reduce the amount of foreign-made media, government interventions in television broadcasting can include both regulation of content and public financing. This fact, coupled with the grandeur of the landscape, has been central to the sense of Canadian national identity, as expressed by the From north to south it spans more than half the Northern Hemisphere. The Arctic Ocean is to the north of Canada. [250], Canada has a highly developed mixed-market economy,[252][253] with the world's eighth-largest economy as of 2022[update], and a nominal GDP of approximately US$2.221trillion. [326][327] The Commonwealth Fund's 2021 report comparing the healthcare systems of the 11 most developed countries ranked Canada second-to-last. [55], The Royal Proclamation of 1763 established First Nation treaty rights, created the Province of Quebec out of New France, and annexed Cape Breton Island to Nova Scotia. [403] As a whole, Canada is in theory a cultural mosaic of regional ethnic subcultures. The text was originally only in French before it was adapted into English in 1906. [30] The decline is attributed to several causes, including the transfer of European diseases, such as influenza, measles, and smallpox to which they had no natural immunity,[27][31] conflicts over the fur trade, conflicts with the colonial authorities and settlers, and the loss of Indigenous lands to settlers and the subsequent collapse of several nations' self-sufficiency. [453], Canadian visual art has been dominated by figures such as painter Tom Thomson and by the Group of Seven. The border of Canada with the US is the longest bi-national land border in the world. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. Education in both English and French is available in most places across Canada. [265] The Automotive Products Trade Agreement of 1965 opened Canada's borders to trade in the automobile manufacturing industry. [208] Law enforcement, including criminal courts, is officially a provincial responsibility, conducted by provincial and municipal police forces. [422] Material items such as Canadian beer, maple syrup, tuques, canoes, nanaimo bars, butter tarts and the Quebec dish of poutine are defined as uniquely Canadian. [340] Canada spends about 5.3percent of its GDP on education. [27], The desire for responsible government resulted in the abortive Rebellions of 1837. [298] The main drivers of population growth are immigration and, to a lesser extent, natural growth. [103][104] In 1999, Nunavut became Canada's third territory after a series of negotiations with the federal government. [364] Canada's federal government practices official bilingualism, which is applied by the commissioner of official languages in consonance with section 16 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the federal Official Languages Act. [461] The Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences presents Canada's music industry awards, the Juno Awards, which were first awarded in 1970. Its land reaches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. 49,871. [14] The government of Louis St. Laurent ended the practice of using Dominion in the statutes of Canada in 1951. The nation employs a professional, volunteer force of approximately 68,000 active personnel and 27,000 reserve personnel, increasing to 71,500 and 30,000 respectively under "Strong, Secure, Engaged" with a sub-component of approximately 5,000 Canadian Rangers. The border of Canada with the US is the longest bi-national land border in the world. As much a piece of history as a natural wonder, Canadas. The 105 members of the Senate, whose seats are apportioned on a regional basis, serve until age 75. [236] Canada has since served in over 50 peacekeeping missions, including every UN peacekeeping effort until 1989,[85] and has since maintained forces in international missions in Rwanda, the former Yugoslavia, and elsewhere; Canada has sometimes faced controversy over its involvement in foreign countries, notably in the 1993 Somalia affair. Of all Canadas top sights, Banff National Park justifiably ranks as many peoples number one. [157], Canada is described as a "full democracy",[158] with a tradition of liberalism,[159] and an egalitarian,[160] moderate political ideology. WebFind out what document you need to travel, visit family and friends, do business, or transit through Canada, and how to extend your stay. [123] By land area alone, Canada ranks fourth, due to having the world's largest area of fresh water lakes. Virtual Tour Schedule a Tour. Contracts with government. [339], According to a 2019 report by the OECD, Canada is one of the most educated countries in the world;[340] the country ranks first worldwide in the percentage of adults having tertiary education, with over 56 percent of Canadian adults having attained at least an undergraduate college or university degree. [92], The Canadian economy boomed during the war as its industries manufactured military materiel for Canada, Britain, China, and the Soviet Union. [280] Canada was ranked 15th in the Global Innovation Index in 2022. [406] Government policies such as publicly funded health care, higher taxation to redistribute wealth, the outlawing of capital punishment, strong efforts to eliminate poverty, strict gun control, a social liberal attitude toward women's rights (like pregnancy termination) and LGBTQ rights, legalized euthanasia and cannabis use are indicators of Canada's political and cultural values. 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